Presión de perfusión cerebral en pacientes pediátricos con traumatismo craneoencefálico grave.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52379/mcs.v5i2.195Keywords:
intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, severe head injury.Abstract
Introducción: La mortalidad por traumatismo craneoencefálico grave (TCE g) en el paciente pediátrico, crece de forma directamente proporcional con la severidad de la injuria inicial. Se estima entre el 1 y 7 % de menores de 18 años afectados por dicha enfermedad en el mundo. La incidencia de muerte por esta causa oscila entre 2,8 y 3,75 por cada 100 000 niños anualmente. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo correlacional en el servicio de cuidados intensivos pediátricos del Hospital General Docente “Roberto Rodríguez” de Morón, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba, en el período entre enero de 2003 y diciembre de 2017. Se incluyeron pacientes menores de 18 años. Las intervenciones fueron monitorización continua de la presión intracraneal, a través de una ventriculostomìa al exterior y de la presión de perfusión cerebral y las varaibles presión intracraneal y presión de perfusión cerebral. Resultados: Se estudiaron 41 niños. Predominaron aquellos entre 5 y 17 años con 35 casos (85,3 %). La presión de perfusión cerebral en menores de 1 año fue >47mmhg en los dos casos estudiados, de 1-4 años >47mmhg en 2 casos y <47mmhg en 2 casos. De 5-17 años fue >de 50mmhg en 23 casos (65,7 %) y <50mmhg en 12 (34,3 %). A 28 pacientes se les realizó craniectomía descompresiva, en 17 (60,7 %) se logró controlar la presión intracraneal. La presión de perfusión cerebral >50mmhg se asoció con el grado V de la escala de resultados de Glasgow. Discusión: El control de la presión de perfusión cerebral con valores diferentes ajustados a los diferentes grupos de edades, a través de la manipulación de la presión intracraneal y la presión arterial media en el niño, mostró una adecuada relación con los resultados favorables.
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