Characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) involved in transactional sex in Paraguay

Authors

  • Gloria Aguilar Universidad Sudamericana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay
  • Carlos Miguel Rios-González Universidad Sudamericana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7558-8206

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52379/mcs.v8i3.487

Keywords:

Sexual and Gender Minorities, Sex Work, Paraguay

Abstract

Introduction: Transactional sex, defined as exchanging sex for money, drugs, or other goods, increases the risk of infection due to factors such as multiple sexual partners, inconsistent condom use, higher frequency of STIs, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Objective: to describe the characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) involved in transactional sex in Paraguay during 2020. Methodology: Cross-sectional study was carried out in Asunción, Central, Alto Paraná, and Caaguazú during the year 2020. The study variables were demographics, sexual practices and risk behaviors, substance consumption, knowledge about HIV and  frequency of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B. Results: 333 MSM involved in transactional sex participated in the study, 58.86% (196) were between 20 and 29 years old. In the last six months, 52.85% (n=176) received money, drugs or other benefits in exchange for sexual relations. The  frequency of Syphilis was 13.21% (n=44), the  frequency of HIV was 13.21% (n=44) and the  frequency of Hepatitis b was 1.20% (n=4) of the sample. Conclusion: This study highlights the high vulnerability of MSM involved in transactional sex in Paraguay and the urgent need for specific, evidence-based interventions for this population.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Oldenburg CE, Perez-Brumer AG, Reisner SL, et al. Global burden of HIV among men who engage in transactional sex: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e103549. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103549

Baral SD, Friedman MR, Geibel S, et al. Male sex workers: practices, contexts, and vulnerabilities for HIV acquisition and transmission. Lancet. 2015;385(9964):260-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60801-1

UNAIDS. Global AIDS Update 2020. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2020.

Beyrer C, Baral SD, Collins C, et al. The global response to HIV in men who have sex with men. Lancet. 2016;388(10040):198-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30781-4

Poteat T, Scheim A, Xavier J, et al. Global Epidemiology of HIV Infection and Related Syndemics Affecting Transgender People. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S210-S219. https://doi.org/10.1097%2FQAI.0000000000001087

Oldenburg CE, Perez-Brumer AG, Reisner SL, et al. Transactional Sex and the HIV Epidemic Among Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM): Results From a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(12):2177-2183. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10461-015-1010-5

Logie CH, James L, Tharao W, Loutfy MR. HIV, gender, race, sexual orientation, and sex work: a qualitative study of intersectional stigma experienced by HIV-positive women in Ontario, Canada. PLoS Med. 2011;8(11):e1001124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001124

Stahlman S, Sanchez TH, Sullivan PS, et al. The prevalence of sexual behavior stigma affecting gay men and other men who have sex with men across sub-Saharan Africa and in the United States. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2016;2(2):e35. https://doi.org/10.2196/publichealth.5824

Santos GM, Coffin PO, Das M, et al. Substance use and drinking outcomes in Personalized Cognitive Counseling randomized trial for episodic substance-using men who have sex with men. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;138:234-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.015

Ludford KT, Vagenas P, Lama JR, et al. Screening for drug and alcohol use disorders and their association with HIV-related sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men in Peru. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e69966. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069966

Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Informe nacional sobre los progresos realizados en la respuesta al VIH y el SIDA. Asunción: MSPBS; 2019.

Cáceres CF. HIV among gay and other men who have sex with men in Latin America and the Caribbean: a hidden epidemic? AIDS. 2002;16 Suppl 3:S23-S33. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200212003-00005

UNAIDS. Paraguay Country Factsheet 2019. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2020. URL

Baral S, Sifakis F, Cleghorn F, Beyrer C. Elevated risk for HIV infection among men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries 2000-2006: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2007;4(12):e339. https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0040339

Sullivan PS, Carballo-Diéguez A, Coates T, et al. Successes and challenges of HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. Lancet. 2012;380(9839):388-399. https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736(12)60955-6

Trapence G, Collins C, Avrett S, et al. From personal survival to public health: community leadership by men who have sex with men in the response to HIV. Lancet. 2012;380(9839):400-410. https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736(12)60834-4

UNAIDS. Fast-Track: ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Geneva: UNAIDS; 2014. URL

Eisinger RW, Fauci AS. Ending the HIV/AIDS Pandemic. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(3):413-416. https://doi.org/10.3201%2Feid2403.171797

Rios-Gonzalez C. Prácticas sexuales en hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres, en Asunción: reporte preliminar. Salud Publica Mex. 2024;66(3):335-6. https://doi.org/10.21149/15567

Bekker LG, Alleyne G, Baral S, et al. Advancing global health and strengthening the HIV response in the era of the Sustainable Development Goals: the International AIDS Society-Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2018;392(10144):312-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31070-5

Grimsrud A, Barnabas RV, Ehrenkranz P, Ford N. Evidence for scale up: the differentiated care research agenda. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(Suppl 4):22024. https://doi.org/10.7448%2FIAS.20.5.22024

United Nations. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York: UN; 2015. URL

Piot P, Karim SSA, Hecht R, et al. Defeating AIDS—advancing global health. Lancet. 2015;386(9989):171-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60658-4

Ministerio de Salud Publica y Bienestar Social. Estudio de prevalencia de VIH/sifilis y comportamientos, practicas y actitudes de la población HSH en Paraguay. Asunción: MSPBS; 2017.

Morel Z, Aguilar G, Samudio T, López G, Rios-González CM, Giménez L, et al. Intergenerational sex and early sexual debut are associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Paraguay. HIV Med. 2023;24(9):990-999. https://doi.org/10.1111/hiv.13496

Aguilar G, Samudio T, Méndez J, López G, Giménez L, Schaerer C, et al. HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among men who have sex with men in three regions of Paraguay, 2020. Int J STD AIDS. 2022;33(14):1212-1222. https://doi.org/10.1177/09564624221134138

Minichiello V, Scott J, Callander D. New pleasures and old dangers: reinventing male sex work. J Sex Res. 2013;50(3-4):263-275. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.760189

Smith DK, Herbst JH, Zhang X, et al. Condom effectiveness for HIV prevention by consistency of use among men who have sex with men in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;68(3):337-344. https://doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000000461

Brito AM, Kendall C, Kerr L, et al. Factors Associated with Low Levels of HIV Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Brazil. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0130445. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130445

Pando MA, Balan I, Marone R, et al. HIV knowledge and beliefs among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(4):1305-1312. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10461-012-0404-x

Published

09/20/2024

Issue

Section

Original Articles

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.