Consumo de cannabis y desarrollo de psicosis o esquizofrenia, análisis de la legislación actual y mapeo regional: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52379/mcs.v6i2.249Keywords:
Psychosis, Cannabis, Legalization, decriminalizationAbstract
Introducción: la relación entre el consumo de cannabis y la aparición de síntomas psicóticos está suficientemente fundamentada. La legalización y/o despenalización del cannabis podría aumentar la frecuencia y la cantidad de su consumo entre sus usuarios. Objetivo: esta revisión sistemática pretende resumir los hallazgos de los estudios que investigaron el riesgo, la precocidad y la intensidad de la psicosis en los consumidores de cannabis, teniendo en cuenta el estado de legalización y/o despenalización del consumo de cannabis en diferentes países. Metodología: fueron incluidos artículos publicados hasta mayo de 2018, en lengua inglesa, portuguesa y española, todos extraídos de las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO, respetando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Resultados: se incluyeron 19 estudios de 18 países. La relación entre el consumo de cannabis y el inicio de síntomas psicóticos estuvo suficientemente fundamentada. Sin embargo, no hubo datos que respaldaran un aumento en el riesgo, la precocidad o la intensidad de la psicosis en los consumidores de cannabis de países con niveles más altos de legalización/despenalización del uso de cannabis hasta la fecha del presente estudio. Conclusión: el consumo de cannabis está asociado con el desarrollo de psicosis. Hasta el momento, no hay datos que indiquen un aumento en la precocidad, el riesgo o la intensidad de la psicosis en usuarios de cannabis, debido a la legalización o despenalización del uso de cannabis. Sin embargo, la ausencia de datos hasta la fecha no excluye estas posibilidades, ya que ninguno de los estudios analizados en esta revisión evaluó específicamente los efectos de las políticas de legalización/despenalización en esos resultados. Por ello, los estudios prospectivos centrados en los efectos de las políticas de legalización o despenalización deben llevarse a cabo en países como Canadá, España, los Estados Unidos de América (algunos estados), los Países Bajos y Uruguay.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Pablo Andres Alves da Silva Zunini, Guilherme Passamani Borges, João Henrique Almeida Tonon, Rafaela Nishimura, Iván Barrios, Marcelo O'Higgins, Noelia Ruíz-Díaz, José Almirón-Santacruz, Rodrigo Navarro, Antonio Ventrigliio, Julio Torales, Anderson Sousa Martins-da-Silva, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
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